Calcium Hydroxide in Endodontics: A literature Review

CALCIUM HYDROXIDE AS INTRACANAL MEDICAMENT:- 

A medicament is an antimicrobial agent that is placed inside the root canal between treatment appointments in an attempt to destroy remaining microorganisms and prevent reinfection (Weine 2004). Thus, they may be utilized to kill bacteria, reduce inflammation (and thereby reduce pain), help eliminate apical exudate, control inflammatory root resorption and prevent contamination between appointments. When intracanal medicaments were not used between appointments, bacterial numbers increased rapidly (Bystrom & Sundqvist 1981).

Anterior Periapical Surgery : Apicoectomy

Endodontic Radiography : A Seminar

INTRODUCTION

Acc. To ADA, Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology can be defined as: 

“The speciality of dentistry and discipline of radiology concerned with the production and interpretation of images and data produced by all modalities of radiant energy that are used for the diagnosis and management of diseases, disorders and conditions of oral and maxillofacial region.”

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Geriatric Endodontics : A Seminar

Introduction :

Endodontic considerations in the elderly patient are similar in many ways to those in the younger patients with some differences. This seminar discusses the similarities as well as the differences. Most of the elderly wil accept extraction only when there are no alternatives. Their expectations for dental health parallels their demand for quality medical care. A large chunk of our population consists of the old or the aged  and it is seen that there is a substantial increase in the longevity of their dentition, this is because of the increased awareness towards dental health and advanced restorative procedures. Treatment of geriatric patients require special care as the treatment procedure is more complex. Thus geriatric dentistry as a new speciality is slowly sprouting out. Endodontic considerations in the elderly age are not without challenges. These include biological, medical, and psychological differences from the younger patients as well as treatment complications. These considerations are further discussed in this seminar.

Onlays : A Seminar

INTRODUCTION

Taggart permanently changed the practice of restorative dentistry by introducing his technique for cast gold dental restorations, such that, today, cast dental restorations and appliances have become basic treatment modalities in dentistry.

            The Class II onlay involves the proximal surfaces of a posterior tooth, and caps all of the cusps.

The procedure requires two appointments: the first for preparing the tooth and making an impression, and the second for delivering the restoration to the patient. The fabrication process is referred to as an indirect procedure because the casting is made on a replica of the prepared tooth in a dental laboratory.

Amalgam Pins In Dentistry : A Seminar

Pins In Dentistry : A Detailed Seminar

INTRODUCTION:

In 1897, Arthur described the use of anchor screws in the dentin to retain restorations. The pin-amalgam restoration became widely accepted after Markley popularized it in 1958. Large numbers of teeth have since been restored by skillful dentists who continue to praise the virtues of the pin-retained amalgam. However, there are others who point out that potential dangers lurk in this procedure such as pulp exposure, painful pulpitis, split roots, and cracked amalgam.In past, when severely damaged teeth lacked structure to adequately retain a restoration, the options were frequently limited to extraction. Use of pins in dentistry offered an alternative that is often more practical, less costly and more conservative. Before the development of organized pin instrumentations dentists forced dental bur heads into holes burred into dentin. A portion of the bur remained protruding from the hole to be grasped by an  amalgam. Pin foundations are used in extensive restorative problems such as in missing cusps and surfaces or for cores. The pin reinforces the properties of retention and resistances in the restoration.

Seminar on Pulpal Diseases

Pulpal Diseases : A Seminar

INTRODUCTION

‘‘The pulp lives for the dentin and the dentin lives by the grace of the pulp. Few  marriages in nature are marked by a greater affinity.’’ Alfred L. Ogilvie

The pulp is a formative organ of tooth, secondary dentin after tooth eruption and reparative dentine in response to stimulation as long as an organ with little resistance. Its resistance depends on cellular activity, nutritional supply, age and other metabolic and physiologic parameters. The poor resistance of the pulp may be due to high plasminogen activity which rapidly breaks down the fibrin following injury. So every attempt should be made to maintain vitality of pulp and protect it from injury.

Intentional Reimplantation : A Seminar

•         Introduction

•         Definition

•         History

•         Indications

•         Contraindications

•         Procedure

•         Team work

•         Prognosis

•         Surgical complications

•         Healing followed by replantation

•         Recent advances

•         Conclusion

•         References

INTRODUCTION:

•      Intentional replantation involves the purposeful removal of a tooth and its reinsertation into the socket after proper endodontic manipulation and repair. Intentional replantation is a treatment option when more conventional forms of treatment either fail or are impossible. Generally it is thought that it may be considered as a viable mode of treatment in certain situations to preserve the natural dentition.

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Root Canal Sealers - A Seminar

INTRODUCTION

The Washington study of endodontic success and failure suggests percolation of periradicular exudates into the incompletely filled canal as the greatest cause of endodontic failure.

 So for success of the endodontic treatment proper obturation of the root canal space is very essential. And to fulfill this requirement obturating materials are so important. Among the various root canal obturating materials the root canal sealers are very important as they provide the hermetic seal required for the success of the endodontic treatment.

Tissue Engineering - A Seminar

•      INTRODUCTION

•      TRIAD OF TISSUE ENGINEERING

−        STEM CELLS

−        SCAFFOLD

−        MORPHOGENES

•      APPLICATIONS IN CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY & ENDODONTICS

•      REGENERATIVE ENDODONTICS

•      CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

“Imagine a world where transplant patients do not wait for a donor or a world where burn victims leave the hospital without disfiguring scars. Imagine implant materials that can "grow", reshape themselves, or change their function as the body requires”

-Professor M.V. Sefton

Traumatic Injuries to Teeth - A Seminar

·         Introduction.

·         Etiology

·         Incidence

·         Classification.

·         Diagnosis

·         Management of traumatic injuries

o   Crown fractures

o   Uncomplicated crown fracture

o   Complicated crown fracture

o   Crown root fracture

o   Root fracture

·         Luxation injuries

o   Subluxation

o   Concussion

o   Extrusive luxation

o   Intrusive luxation

o   Avulsion

·         Conclusion

·         References

Endo Perio Lesions : A Seminar

•         Introduction

•         History

•         Pathways of communication between pulp & periodontium.

•         Classification

•         Diagnosis

•         Primary endodontic lesions

•         Primary endodontic lesions with secondary periodontal involvement.

•         Primary periodontal lesions

•         Primary periodontal lesions with secondary endodontic involvement.

•         True combined lesions.

•         Concomitant pulpal & periodontal lesions

•         Differential diagnosis of Endo Perio Lesions

•         Conclusion

•         References

Caries Vaccine - A Seminar

•         Introduction

•         Definition

•         History

•         Specific organism

•         Appropriate immunization agents

•         Mechanism of action of vaccine

•         Routes of administration

•         Present scenario for caries vaccine

•         Conclusion

•         References

Introduction

Dental Caries is the most common dental disease of mankind which is prevalent in developed, developing, and underdeveloped countries and is distributed unevenly among the populations. In the modern world, it has reached epidemic proportions. This global increase in dental caries prevalence affects children as well as adults, primary as well as permanent teeth, and coronal as well as root surfaces.

Dentin Bonding Agents - A Seminar

- INTRODUCTION 

- ADHESION

- MECHANISM OF ADHESION

CHEMICAL ADHESION

·        IONIC

·        COVALENT

·        MECHANICAL

PHYSICAL ADHESION

MECHANICAL ADHESION

DIFFUSION

ELECTROSTATIC ADHESION

  

- VANDERWAAL’S FORCES

- CRITERIA OF ADHESION

 SURFACE ENERGY

 WETTING

 CONTACT ANGLE

- FACTORS EFFECTING ADHESION TO TOOTH TISSUE

COMPOSITIONAL AND STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF ENAMEL AND DENTIN

CHANGES IN DENTIN STRUCTURE

SMEAR LAYER

INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DENTIN WETNESS

WETTING OF THE ADHESIVE

POLYMERIZATION CONTRACTION OF RESTORATIVE RESINS

  

- ENAMEL BONDING

- DENTIN BONDING

FIRST GENERATION BONDING AGENTS

SECOND GENERATION BONDING AGENTS

THIRD GENERATION BONDING AGENTS

FOURTH GENERATION BONDING AGENTS

FIFTH GENERATION BONDING AGENTS

SIXTH GENERATION BONDING AGENTS

SEVENTH GENERATION BONDING AGENTS

 
- CHEMICAL CONCEPT OF BONDING

- NEW CLASSIFICATION OF BONDING AGENTS

- Comparison of bond strength of different

       materials and BONDING systems

- sealing ability of bonding agents

- clinical effectiveness of bonding agents

- acidity of the bonding systems

- antibacterial effects of bonding agents

- PERMEABILITY OF SIMPLIFIED DENTINAL ADHESIVES

- WATER TREEING PHENOMENON

MORPHOGENESIS OF WATER TREEING PHENOMENON

·        REMNANT WATER THEORY

·        WATER FLUX THEORY

- NANOLEAKAGE

- WET VS DRY BONDING

- Adhesion Strategies – A Scientific Classification of   

      Modern Adhesives

 Smear Layer-Modifying Adhesives

 Smear Layer-REMOVING Adhesives

 Smear Layer-DISSOLVING Adhesives

-  ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CURRENT  

      ADHESIVES

- Clinical steps in adhesion

-  AMALGAM BONDING

- ROLE OF BONDING AGENTS IN PULP CAPPING

- ROLE OF BONDING AGENTS IN DENTIN HYPERSENSITIVITY

- ROLE OF BONDING AGENTS IN ENDODONTICS

- GLASS IONOMER ADHESIVES

- BONDING OF RESIN TO CERAMIC

- SUCCESS AND FAILURES OF ADHESIVES

- References

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Forces Acting on Restorations- A Seminar

INTRODUCTION

The restoration of a tooth, be it with gold, amalgam, porcelain, or any other acceptable material, can be no better than the preparation designed for it.

Mechanics : Webster’s definition is “that science or branch of mathematics which treats the action of forces in bodies”. It is evident that part of oral cavity with which the dental surgeon is largely concerned, is a machine, by means of which forces are applied to food for purpose of comminuting it. The force is the result of contraction of muscles of mastication and is transmitted through rigid structures of jaws to food. It follows, therefore, that these structures are subjected to laws of action of forces on bodies.

Forces Acting on Dental Restorations- A Seminar

Bio Mechanical Preparation In Endodontics- A Detailed Seminar

CONTENTS

Introduction

Definition and objectives

Basic terms and motions of instrumentation

General principles and Techniques of biomechanical preparation

a)     Hand: Apical coronal And Coronal apical

b)     Automated

Curvatures and cleaning and shaping

Advances in automated instrumentation and adjuvant techniques

Conclusion and Bibliography

INTRODUCTION

            Yes, the root canal system is complicatedly complex. Accessory and lateral canals, isthmuses, calcifications, curvatures and what not combine to form a daunting challenge to the astute clinician. Achieving not just vertical access but true 3 dimensional preparation is an issue that has and still vexes a majority of clinicians as evidenced by the myriad techniques and instrumentation that have spawned in the quest for ideal cleaning and shaping. Just as nothing is constant but change so too in the root canal nothing is predictable except the unpredictable.

Q & A Regarding Apex Locators

                                             APEX LOCATORS

QUES    Disadvantages of 2^nd generation EAL?

ANS      Disadvantages are:-

·         Requires calibration

·         Requires coated probes

·         No digital read-out

·         Difficult to operate

QUES   Meachanism for 3^rd, 4^th and 5^th generation EAL?

ANS    

3^rd generation

·         They are frequency dependant apex locators

·         Based on the fact that different sites in canal give difference in impedance between high (8 KHz) and low (400 Hz) frequencies

·         Difference in impedance is least in the coronal part of canal. As the probe goes deeper in the canal, difference increases

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Endodontic Access Cavity Preparation

INTRODUCTION :

A well-designed access preparation is essential for a quality endodotic result.

The objective of an access preparation is to create a smooth, straight-line path to the canal system and ultimately, the apex.

Careful cavity preparation and cavity obturation are the keystones of ideal root canal therapy success.

Access preparation may be divided into visual and the assumed. The coronal anatomy is the first indication of the assumed and is the first key to the root position and root canal system. Before entry, the clinician must visualize the expected location of the coronal pulp chamber and canal orifice position to avoid unnecessary tooth removal.

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Birmingham University Questions

Dental Dreamz

FEW B - UNIVERSITY QUESTIONS
===================================================================
Here Are Few Questions From Birmingham University E-Course Papers.

For Those Who Do Not For What These Questions Are ?

These Questions Are Important For AIIMS/AIPG As AIIMS People Used To Directly Pick
Questions From These E-Course Papers. Earlier These Questions Were Available For Free Of
Cost To All But Now These Questions Are Limited To Just The Students And Staff At The
School Of Dentistry, Birmingham UK, Still A Website Named Http://Www.Dentaljuce.Com
Offers Similar Questions At The Cost Of 79 Pounds. But In The Recent Years There Were
Very Few Questions From This E-Course But Still We Can’t Just Ignore These Questions. So
Here Are The Questions Which I Was Able To Collect On Net And My Seniors Especially Dr.
Sandeep Goyal Sir (MDS Oral Pathology) .

Q1What is an amalgam
53% said
A) A mercury alloy
5% said
B) A silver alloy
10% said
C) An alloy of mercury and silver
32% said
D) An alloy of mercury, silver, tin, zinc,
and maybe copper