Dental Dreamz
FEW B - UNIVERSITY QUESTIONS
===================================================================
Here Are Few Questions From Birmingham University E-Course Papers.
For Those Who Do Not For What These Questions Are ?
These Questions Are Important For AIIMS/AIPG As AIIMS People Used To Directly Pick
Questions From These E-Course Papers. Earlier These Questions Were Available For Free Of
Cost To All But Now These Questions Are Limited To Just The Students And Staff At The
School Of Dentistry, Birmingham UK, Still A Website Named Http://Www.Dentaljuce.Com
Offers Similar Questions At The Cost Of 79 Pounds. But In The Recent Years There Were
Very Few Questions From This E-Course But Still We Can’t Just Ignore These Questions. So
Here Are The Questions Which I Was Able To Collect On Net And My Seniors Especially Dr.
Sandeep Goyal Sir (MDS Oral Pathology) .
Q1What is an amalgam
53% said
A) A mercury alloy
5% said
B) A silver alloy
10% said
C) An alloy of mercury and silver
32% said
D) An alloy of mercury, silver, tin, zinc,
and maybe copper
Q2What is a dental amalgam alloy?
5%
A) A mercury alloy
24%
B) A silver alloy
12%
C) An alloy of mercury and silver
58%
D) An alloy of mercury, silver, tin, zinc,
and maybe copper
Q3How much copper is in a high-copper
dental amalgam alloy?
13%
A) 2 - 12 %
73%
B) 12 - 32 %
12%
C) 32 - 52%
3%
D) above 52%
Q4What is another name for a highcopper
dental amalgam alloy?
20%
A) gamma 2
80%
B) non gamma 2
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Q5Zinc is often added to improve dental
amalgam properties.What happens to a
zinc containing low-copper alloy if it gets
moisture in it?
17%
A) It corrodes
6%
B) It contracts
62%
C) It expands
11%
D) It creeps
5%
E) None of these
Q6What happens to a zinc containing
high-copper alloy if it gets moisture in it?
14%
A) It corrodes
13%
B) It contracts
32%
C) It expands
10%
D) It creeps
32%
E) None of these
Q7True or false? The gamma 2 phase of
old-fashioned amalgams is weak.
88%
A) True
12%
B) False
Q8True or false? The gamma 2 phase of
old-fashioned amalgams is highly
corrodable.
84%
A) True
16%
B) False
Q9Which of these is a mixture of lathecut
and spherical alloy particles?
35%
A) Hybrid
56%
B) Admixed
5%
C) gamma 2
5%
D) non gamma 2
Q10True or false? Dental amalgam wears
at approximately the same rate as tooth
structure.
40%
A) True
60%
B) False
Q11True or false? Corrosion of dental
amalgam helps to reduce microleakage.
77%
A) True
23%
B) False
Q12True or false? Corrosion of dental
amalgam helps to bond amalgam to the
tooth.
29%
A) True
71%
B) False
13When amalgam is polished, the metal
crystals at the surface get flattened. This
layer is called the -
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19%
A) Dalby layer
38%
B) Beelby layer
16%
C) Trilby layer
28%
D) Whitby layer
Q14Why is there tin in dental amalgam?
54%
A) To slow down the reaction rate and
give adequate working time
16%
B) To reduce corrosion
12%
C) To scavenge water molecules
18%
D) To give the filling strength
15True or false? Copper reacts with the
Tin to create a strong phase. This
prevents the tin from reacting with the
mercury to create a weak phase.
80%
A) True
20%
B) False
Q16Which is the gamma 1 phase?
27%
A) Ag3Sn
62%
B) Ag2Hg3
5%
C) AgCu
3%
D) Cu6Sn5
4%
E) Sn7Hg
Q17Which is the gamma 2 phase?
17%
A) Ag3Sn
7%
B) Ag2Hg3
7%
C) AgCu
8%
D) Cu6Sn5
61%
E) Sn7Hg
Q18True or false? The reaction for lowcopper
amalgam is:
Ag3Sn + Hg -> Ag3Sn + Ag2Hg3 + Sn7Hg
84%
A) True
16%
B) False
Q19What is the most serious problem
with restoring posterior teeth with
amalgam?
12%
A) Mercury toxicity
7%
B) Unaesthetic
55%
C) Lots of sound tooth needs to be
removed
24%
D) Expansion can cause cusp fracture
1%
E) Short lifetime compared to many
other restorative materials
Q20Which is more important when
comparing dental amalgams?
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46%
A) Low creep
46%
B) High compressive strength
8%
C) High shear strength
Q21What is the ratio of mercury to alloy?
23%
A) 0.5 : 1
9%
B) 0.75 : 1
50%
C) 1 : 1
6%
D) 1.25 : 1
4%
E) 1.5 : 1
8%
F) 2 :1
Q22What is triturition?
92%
A) Mixing
5%
B) Packing
2%
C) Carving
2%
D) Polishing
Q23How long before amalgam forms a
seal with the tooth?
10%
A) 1 hour
51%
B) 24 hours
8%
C) 1 week
6%
D) 1 month
25%
E) 3 months
Q24What is an amalcore?
60% said
A) An amalgam restoration that enters
and plugs the canal orifice(s)
12% said
B) A cast post with an amalgam on top
of it
21% said
C) A pinned amalgam core for a crown
7% said
D) An amalgam that covers the entire
occlusal surface of the tooth
Q25Why is infection control so especially
important in endodontics ?
7%
A) To prevent cross-infection of the
operator and nurse
74%
B) To allow healing of the peri-radicular
tissues
12%
C) To prevent the patient picking up
infection from previous patients
8%
D) To reduce New Variant CJD
transmission
Q26What is meant by aseptic technique?
45%
A) Working in a field as near sterile as
possible
Dental Dreamz
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4%
B) Limiting infection to the patient's
own oral bacteria
12%
C) Ensuring all micro-organisms are
removed or killed as part of the procedure
39%
D) Not introducing any micro-organisms
to the canal that weren't already there before
you started
Q27Which is NOT a function of Rubber
Dam?
1%
A) Preventing saliva contamination
6%
B) Improving visibility
9%
C) Confining excess irrigants
50%
D) Making access to the pulp chamber
easier
22%
E) Improving patient comfort
11%
F) Reducing medicolegal liability
Q28True or false? Excellent mechanical
instrumentation will remove virtually all
the infected tissue from the root canal
system.
39%
A) True
61%
B) False
Q29What strength of Sodium
Hypochlorite (bleach) is used for canal
irrigation?
5%
A) 1%
25%
B) 2%
56%
C) 5%
7%
D) 10%
3%
E) 20%
4%
F) 50%
Q30What intra-canal medication should
normally be placed in the canal between
visits?
26%
A) Ledermix (combined anti-biotic and
anti-inflammatory)
46%
B) Hypocal
13%
C) Dycal or Life
13%
D) Para-chloro-mono-phenol (PCMP)
1%
E) Paper point
Q31When irrigating with bleach, how far
should the needle be inserted?
20%
A) Into the pulp chamber only
9%
B) 7mm from the apex
66%
C) To the point just before it just binds
on the canal walls, but must be short of the
working length
Dental Dreamz
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5%
D) to the working length
Q32Which of these does bleach NOT do?
17%
A) Lubricate the canal
5%
B) Dissolve organic debris
8%
C) Kill bacteria
2%
D) Wash out debris
67%
E) Dissolve sclerosed dentine
Q33What needle is used for delivering
bleach when irrigating a canal?
21%
A) Side venting wide bore
50%
B) Side venting narrow bore
10%
C) End venting wide bore
19%
D) End venting narrow bore
Q34About how long does it take bacteria
contacting the coronal end of a very well
condensed root filling to penetrate
through it to the apex?
7%
A) 1 day max
16%
B) 1 week max
29%
C) 6 weeks max
15%
D) 6 months max
32%
E) Many years
Q35If you can't get dam onto a tooth for
root treatment, which solution is
unacceptable?
12%
A) Restore the tooth first to enable dam
placement, then drill access through the new
restoration
4%
B) Crown lengthening by electrosurgery
54%
C) Working without dam
6%
D) Restoring with a copper band
23%
E) Placing the dam clamp beaks directly
onto the gingiva
Q36Which of these is NOT true when
Vitrebond is used as a canal orifice
sealant
31%
A) Hard to identify if re-treatment is
needed
34%
B) May not be fully set all the way
through
36%
C) Doesn't bond well to dentine
Q37What is a hermetic seal, as applied to
endodontics?
5%
A) Airtight
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11%
B) Waterproof
5%
C) Saliva can't pass
13%
D) Micro-organisms can't pass
67%
E) All of these
Q38If a patient has gingival recession,
how far should the gutta percha be
trimmed back before sealing the coronal?
49%
A) 1mm below the level of the recession
22%
B) 1mm below the ACJ
19%
C) 1mm below the canal opening
10%
D) 1mm below the roof of the pulp
chamber
Q39If a patient has NO gingival recession,
how far should the gutta percha be
trimmed back before sealing the coronal?
5%
A) 1mm below the level of the recession
52%
B) 1mm below the ACJ
29%
C) 1mm below the canal opening
14%
D) 1mm below the roof of the pulp
chamber
Q40If you choose to temporarily seal the
access cavity of a tooth with Kalzinol, how
thick should it be?
6%
A) 1 mm
31%
B) 2 mm
42%
C) 3 mm
21%
D) 4 mm
Q41Which of these is the best material as
a temporary dressing for an access cavity
after endo is completed ?
11%
A) Life or Dycal
22%
B) Chemfil
46%
C) Kalzinol
21%
D) Poly-F
Q42Which of these pulp locations can be
removed mechanically?
4%
A) Lateral Canals
73%
B) Pulp horns
5%
C) Cul-de-sacs (dead ends)
6%
D) Apical Ramifications
7%
E) Isthmi
4%
F) Concavities
Q43To control infection during endo, the
files must be cleaned between uses. How?
16%
A) Dry gauze in a ring holder
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4%
B) Gauze dampened with water
48%
C) Gauze dampened with bleach
32%
D) Gauze dampened with Chlorhexidine
Q44 What does Enamel Bonding Agent
(EBA) consist of?
51% said
A) Unfilled resin
21% said
B) A mixture of resins in an acetone or
ethanol solvent.
6% said
C) A wetting agent and resins.
22% said
D) A mixture of priming and bonding
agents.
Q45Which of these products is an EBA?
33%
A) Prime & Bond
34%
B) Durafill
13%
C) One Step
7%
D) Liner-bond
12%
E) Gluma
Q46Etched enamel does not need
'wetting' before the Enamel Bonding
Agent is applied.Why not?
56%
A) It has a high surface-free energy.
9%
B) It has a low surface-free energy.
14%
C) Enamel Bonding Agent has low
surface tension.
21%
D) The negative charge in EBA is
attracted to the positive Calcium Ions in
etched enamel.
Q47True or false? If a cavity margin is in
dentine (e.g. some cervical cavities), EBA
should not be used.
59%
A) True
41%
B) False
Q48What is the bond strength achievable
using EBA on etched enamel? ( 1 MPa =
1kg/mm2 )
6%
A) 1 MPa
21%
B) 5 MPa
25%
C) 15 MPa
48%
D) 30 MPa
Q49What is the approximate stress
caused by polymerisation contraction of
composite?
8%
A) 1 MPa
53%
B) 5 MPa
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 9
32%
C) 15 MPa
8%
D) 30 MPa
Q50Does the bond strength of EBA to
enamel exceed the contraction stress of
polymerised composite?
14%
A) No
10%
B) About equal
21%
C) Yes, slightly.
54%
D) Yes, greatly.
Q51Can a dentine bonding system be
used on etched enamel?
71%
A) Yes
29%
B) No
Q52Which of these is NOT an advantage
of EBA over dentine bonding systems?
9%
A) Less marginal leakage
13%
B) Better colour stability
11%
C) Higher bond strength
6%
D) Easier to apply
12%
E) Cheaper
48%
F) Less moisture sensitive
Q53A dentine 'Primer' -
8%
A) Etches the dentine
53%
B) Raises the surface-free energy of (I.e.
'wets') the dentine
22%
C) Removes the smear layer
5%
D) Bonds the composite
11%
E) Conditions the dentine
Q54A dentine 'Conditioner' -
74%
A) Removes the smear layer
6%
B) Raises the surface-free energy of the
dentine
8%
C) Bonds the composite
12%
D) Thinly coats the collagen fibrils with
resin
Q55The resin in EBA is usually -
22%
A) HEMA
63%
B) Bis-GMA
2%
C) PENTA
6%
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D) Di-Methyl Methacrylate
7%
E) Methyl Methacrylate
Q56The resins in a Dentine Bonding
Sytem Primer -
5%
A) have a high molecular weight
11%
B) are viscous
13%
C) have high surface tension
71%
D) are hydrophilic
Q57The solvent that helps dentine
'wetting' in DBS's is often -
6%
A) Water
72%
B) Acetone or Ethanol
2%
C) Carbon Tetrachloride
7%
D) Ethylamine
13%
E) Low molecular weight resin
Q58Including etching, how many stages
are involved in dentine bonding?
12%
A) 2
30%
B) 3
6%
C) 4
51%
D) Varies with different systems
Q59What is the approximate bond
strength between dentine and composite
when a modern DBS is used?
2%
A) 1 MPa
25%
B) 5 MPa
31%
C) 15 MPa
42%
D) More than 15 MPa
Q60Does the bond strength to dentine
when a DBS is used exceed the
contraction stress of polymerised
composite?
19%
A) No
32%
B) About equal
49%
C) Yes
Q61Which of these does acid etch NOT
do to dentine?
13%
A) Remove the smear layer
9%
B) Open up the dentinal tubules
12%
C) Expose collagen fibrils
66%
D) Increase the surface-free energy
Q62True or false? Dentine should be
slightly moist when applying a DBS
Primer.
Dental Dreamz
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85%
A) True
15%
B) False
Q63True or false? Enamel should be
slightly moist when applying an EBA.
10%
A) True
90%
B) False
Q64What is the Matrix in Composite?
88% said
A) The resin into which the filler
particles are inserted
8% said
B) A transparent strip which holds it
against the tooth
3% said
C) The polymerisation initiator
0% said
D) An energy source for machines
Q65What is the Matrix usually made of?
8%
A) HEMA
2%
B) Mylar
2%
C) EDTA
87%
D) Bis-GMA
2%
E) Celluloid
Q66Composite:What are the filler
particles made of?
24%
A) Methacrylate resins
68%
B) Glass
5%
C) Glass Ionomer
3%
D) Titanium Dioxide
Q67Composite:What is the initiator ?
15%
A) Light
41%
B) A chemical which starts the
polymerisation reaction
44%
C) Either of these
Q68Composite: How are the filler
particles joined to the matrix?
11%
A) Micro-mechanical retention
8%
B) Bipolar bond
77%
C) With a silane coupling agent
4%
D) The outside of the particles is
dissolved and a metal ionic bond is formed
Q69True or false? Composite is naturally
adhesive to teeth.
13%
A) True
87%
B) False
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Q70True or false? Higher filler loading
makes a composite easier to polish.
29%
A) True
71%
B) False
Q71True or false? Higher filler loading
makes a composite stronger.
91%
A) True
9%
B) False
Q72True or false? High filler loading
results in less polymerisation contraction.
84%
A) True
16%
B) False
Q73True or false? Higher filler loading
makes a composite easier to handle.
38%
A) True
62%
B) False
Q74True or false? Composite has a
similar coefficient of thermal expansion
as tooth tissues.
32%
A) True
68%
B) False
Q75True or false? Microfilled composite
can be used for Class IV cavities.
59%
A) True
41%
B) False
Q76True or false? Microfilled composite
can be used for Class V cavities.
85%
A) True
15%
B) False
Q77What is the typical particle size in
microfilled composite, in micrometres?
63%
A) 0.04
29%
B) 0.4
6%
C) 4
2%
D) 40
Q78What is special about a hybrid
composite?
6%
A) It is a mixture of Composite and
Compomer.
80%
B) It contains both large and small filler
particles.
8%
C) The matrix is a mixture of Bis-GMA
and TEG-GMA.
5%
D) The filler particles are a mixture of
glass and Silicon Dioxide
Q79What is special about a posterior
composite?
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12%
A) It is dual-cured
78%
B) It is very heavily filled
6%
C) It flows easily during placement
5%
D) It is cured outside the mouth and
cemented into the tooth
Q80Which of these lining materials
should not be used with composite?
8%
A) Life
5%
B) Poly-F
6%
C) Vitrebond
59%
D) Kalzinol
21%
E) Zinc Phosphate
Q81What is the maximum thickness of
composite that a curing light can
penetrate?
6%
A) 0.5 mm
9%
B) 1 mm
79%
C) 2 mm
7%
D) 3 mm
Q82What is the approximate
polymerisation contraction stress when
composite sets?
7%
A) 1 MPa
55%
B) 5 MPa
26%
C) 15 MPa
11%
D) 30 MPa
Q83What is NOT a common result of
microleakage at a composite margin?
7%
A) Secondary caries
12%
B) Sensitivity
17%
C) Staining
64%
D) Enamel fracture
Q84True or false: Compomer is a Resin
Modified Glass Ionomer.
26% said
A) True
74% said
B) False
Q85Which of these is a compomer?
8%
A) Herculite
4%
B) Gluma
6%
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C) Fuji IX
67%
D) Dyract
15%
E) Vitremer
Q86How does compomer set?
13%
A) Acid-base reaction
13%
B) Polymer chains cross-linked with
metal ions
71%
C) Polymerisation of methacrylate resins
3%
D) Precipitation of soluble ions
Q87True or false? The acid soluble glass
in compomer is silane coated.
74%
A) True
26%
B) False
Q88What is the most useful property of
compomer?
39%
A) Releases fluoride
32%
B) Handles easily
29%
C) Bonds to enamel and dentine
Q89True or false? Compomer is
permable to water.
59%
A) True
41%
B) False
Q90True or false? Compomer is more
colour-stable than composite.
25%
A) True
75%
B) False
Q91True or false? Compomer is stronger
than composite.
19%
A) True
81%
B) False
Q92True or false? Compomer has less
filler than composite.
81%
A) True
19%
B) False
Q93True or false? Compomer is water
based.
33%
A) True
67%
B) False
Q94What type of material is ChemFil
5% said
A) Composite
Dental Dreamz
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6% said
B) Compomer
75% said
C) Glass Ionomer
13% said
D) Resin Modified Glass Ionomer
1% said
E) Synthetic Porcelain
Q95ChemFil's elasticity (elastic modulus)
matches that of
1%
A) Cementum
73%
B) Dentine
12%
C) Enamel
13%
D) None of these
Q96True or False? Chemfil is suitable to
treat erosion cavities because it is
resistant to acid attack.
32%
A) True
68%
B) False
Q97True or False? ChemFil is suitable to
restore toothbrush abrasion cavities as it
has good wear resistance
25%
A) True
75%
B) False
Q98True or False? ChemFil is suitable to
restore occlusal cavities as it has good
compressive strength
20%
A) True
80%
B) False
Q99True or False? ChemFil is suitable to
treat cervical caries as it releases fluoride,
which may reduce recurrent caries.
94%
A) True
6%
B) False
Q100True or False? ChemFil bonds well
to dentine.
93%
A) True
7%
B) False
Q101How should ChemFil be mixed when
used as a restoration?
47%
A) Very thick
43%
B) Medium thick
8%
C) Thin
3%
D) Runny
0%
E) Watery
Q102What is the mixing time for
ChemFil?
52%
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A) 20 sec
31%
B) 40 sec
14%
C) 60 sec
3%
D) 90 sec
Q103How does ChemFil set?
9%
A) Light cured
78%
B) Chemical cured
13%
C) Dual cured ( i.e. sets quickly with
light, slowly without light)
Q104When newly placed, it is essential to
protect ChemFil from moisture. How ?
19%
A) Cover with petroleum jelly (vaseline)
29%
B) 1 coat of ChemFil Varnish
43%
C) 2 coats of ChemFil Varnish
9%
D) Use rubber dam
Q105How is chemfil placed into a cavity?
29%
A) Place and pack with a flat plastic
instrument, then allow to set.
28%
B) Use a matrix foil or strip to hold it in
place.
43%
C) Either way is satisfactory
Q106Ideally, how long must a ChemFil
restoration be left before finishing and
polishing it?
15%
A) 3 minutes
15%
B) 7 minutes
5%
C) 1 hour
65%
D) 24 hours
Q107What is the minimum time before it
can be finished?
14%
A) 3 minutes
50%
B) 7 minutes
17%
C) 1 hour
18%
D) 24 hours
Q108If you have to finish a Chemfil
restoration on the same visit, how would
you prevent heat from polishing?
36%
A) Use water spray from the polishing
handpiece.
47%
B) Use vaseline on the restoration.
17%
C) Both of these
Q109True or False? ChemFil restorations
normally have long term excellent
aesthetics.
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15%
A) True
85%
B) False
Q110What is the working time for
ChemFil?
38%
A) 20 sec
24%
B) 40 sec
22%
C) 60 sec
15%
D) 90 sec
Q111True or false? ChemFil is a useful
material for temporary dressings.
81%
A) True
19%
B) False
Q112What liquid is ChemFil powder
mixed with?
33%
A) Polyacrylic acid
2%
B) Phosphoric acid
5%
C) Unfilled resin
58%
D) Water
1%
E) Acetone
Q113What is the bond strength of
ChemFil to Dentine ? (1 MegaPascal =
1kg / mm2)
5%
A) 0.1 Mpa
14%
B) 1 Mpa
51%
C) 5 Mpa
15%
D) 10 Mpa
15%
E) 25 Mpa
Q114Ideally, what type of margin should
be prepared on a cavity before placing a
ChemFil restoration?
15%
A) Feather edge
30%
B) 1mm bevel
55%
C) Butt join
Q115True or false? Unfilled composite
resin can be placed and cured as a glaze
over Chemfil to protect it from moisture.
74%
A) True
26%
B) False
Q116True or false? Unfilled composite
resin can be used as a lubricant when
finishing a Chemfil restoration.
41%
A) True
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 18
59%
B) False
Q117True or false? A scalpel blade can be
used to trim excess Chemfil
interproximally when finishing a ChemFil
restoration.
59%
A) True
41%
B) False
Q118Which of these would you NOT use
to finish a ChemFil restoration?
29%
A) Steel finishing burs
32%
B) High speed diamond burs
1%
C) 3M 'Enhance' polishing cup and disc
8%
D) Tungsten Carbide finishing burs
9%
E) Impregnated rubber points
20%
F) Abrasive polishing paste
Handling Materials: ParaPost
SBA - MCQ
Choose the Single Best Answer (SBA) to
the questions below:
1.What is the minimum acceptable length
for a post?
5mm
7mm
9mm
5mm from apical constriction
3mm from apical constriction
The same length as the crown it
supports
Well done.
2. True or false? There is a higher risk of
root perforation with the ParaPost
technique than a custom-made post
technique.
True
False
Well done.
3. ParaPost drills are -
Side cutting
End cutting
Well done.
4. A black ParaPost drill has the same
diameter as which size Gates Glidden
drill?
No 3
No 4
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 19
No 5
No 6
Well done.
5. True or false? A post hole is initially
prepared by stepping through ParaPost
drills, then using a Gates Glidden to
shape it.
True
False
Well done.
6. True or false? Tapered posts are less
retentive than parallel sided posts.
True
False
Well done.
7. Approximately how many roots are
curved in the apical third?
5%
25%
50%
75%
95%
Well done.
8.Why is it important to retain as much
coronal dentine as possible when
preparing a post crown?
To resist post rotation
To increase post retention
To reduce the crowbar effect
To provide a ferrule effect
All of these
Well done.
9.Which ParaPost is used for the
impression?
The metal one
The smooth plastic one
The serrated plastic one
Well done.
10.Which ParaPost is used for the
temporary crown?
The metal one
The smooth plastic one
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 20
The serrated plastic one
Well done.
11.Which ParaPost is used for the burnout
post?
The metal one
The smooth plastic one
The serrated plastic one
Well done.
12.Which post-hole design provides the
most acceptable anti-rotation effect?
An anti-rotation notch
An oval cross section in the coronal
third
A groove in the thickest wall of the root
An accessory pin hole in the root face
Well done.
13.What is the minimum thickness
(width) of coronal dentine that can be
left?
0.1 mm
0.5 mm
1 mm
1.5 mm
2 mm
Well done.
14.What type of impression should be
used in conjunction with the ParaPost
technique?
One stage
Two stage
Well done.
15. How should the impression be
removed from the mouth with the
ParaPost technique?
Snap action
Slowly, in line with the post
By tilting it to break the seal posteriorly
Well done.
16. True or false? The cast post should be
sandblasted by the lab before it is
returned for fitting.
True
False
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 21
Well done.
17. How should the inside of the post hole
be cleared of residual sealer paste and
Gutta Percha strands
With a high speed handpiece
With a finishing bur on a low-speed
(RA) handpiece
With a sonic scaler
With hand files and Gates Glidden drills
Well done.
Handling Materials: Acid Etch
SBA-MCQ
Choose the Single Best Answer (SBA) to
the questions below:
1.What acid is normally used to etch
teeth in restorative dentistry?
Maleic acid
Acetic acid
Phosphoric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Poly-acrylic acid
Well done.
2.What strength of this acid is normally
used to etch teeth in restorative dentistry?
1 %
5 %
10 %
20 %
35 %
50%
Well done.
3.When etching enamel, approximately
how long should the acid be in place?
10 sec
25 sec
40 sec
60 sec
90 sec
Well done.
4.What is 'conditioner' ?
Acid
Alcohol
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 22
Dentine priming agent
Dentine bonding agent
Acetone
Well done.
5.When etching dentine, approximately
how long should the acid be in place?
10 sec
25 sec
40 sec
60 sec
90 sec
Well done.
6.When washing the acid off a tooth,
approximately how long should you spray
water for?
5 sec
10 sec
30 sec
60 sec
90 sec
Well done.
7.What is the point of the water
spraying?
To ensure all the acid is washed off
To ensure the calcium phosphate
precipitates caused by the etching are
washed away
Both of these
Well done.
8. How deep is the micro-porous layer
created by etching the enamel (in
micrometers) ?
0.5 - 5
5 - 50
50 - 500
500 - 5000
Well done.
9. How much general surface enamel is
removed by etching (in micrometres) ?
0.1
1
10
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 23
100
Well done.
10. How dry should enamel be after
etching, and before placement of a
bonding resin?
Absolutely dry
Almost dry
Slightly moist
Wet
Well done.
11.What is the appearance of correctly
etched enamel?
Frosted
Blotchy
Speckled
Translucent
Well done.
12.Why is etch usually presented as a gel
instead of a solution?
To make identification easier
To allow better control over placement
To enhance and concentrate the action of
the acid
To make it easier to wash off
Well done.
13.Why is the etch gel coloured?
To make identification easier
Legal requirement
The colour changes when etching is
completed
Well done.
14. How should you protect adjacent teeth
from being etched?
Rubber dam
Vaseline
Mylar matrix strip
Cavity varnish
Well done. You can also use PTFE
tape
15. How should the patient be protected
from the acid when it is being washed off?
Excess should be wiped off with cotton
wool first
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 24
Rubber dam should be used
Protective glasses
Full size bib
High speed aspiration
All of these
Well done.
16. How should the pulp be protected
from etch in a very deep cavity?
Line it with Life or Dycal (Calcium
hydroxide liner)
Line it with Life or Dycal, covered with
Vitrebond (a light-cured resin modified
glass ionomer)
Line it with Kalzinol (Zinc oxide /
eugenol)
Protect it with Copalite (cavity varnish)
Protect it with Vitrebond
Well done.
17.What type of enamel / restoration
bond is created when an acid-etch
technique is used?
Chemical (Ionic)
Chemical (Hydrogen)
Chemical (Covalent)
Micro-mechanical
Well done.
Medical Emergencies
SBA - MCQ #3
Choose the Single Best Answer (SBA) to
the questions below:
1. A Partial Epileptic Seizure
Is also known as a grand mal
Patient may have convulsions
Is also known as a tonic-clonic seizure
Patient may hallucinate
Well done!
2. If a patient has an epileptic seizure in
the dental surgery:
They should be given a muscle relaxant
like midazolam
They should have a mouth prop placed
to prevent tongue biting
They should be rolled onto their side.
If they vomit, this should be wiped clear
from their mouth.
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 25
Well done! Into the recovery
position, to prevent fluid aspiration
3. If an adult patient is having a
prolonged seizure (status eilepticus),
Midazolam may be given while waiting
for the ambulance. The dose is
1 mg
5 mg
10 mg
20 mg
Well done!
4. If an adult patient is having a
prolonged seizure at a dental practice,
Midazolam may be given:
By IM injection
By IV injection
Sub-lingually
Intra-nasally or buccally
This is the preferred route by nonspecialists.
5. Hypoglycaemia is
A type of unconsciousness
Low insulin levels
Low blood pressure
Low blood sugar
Well done!
6. Hypoglycaemia
Is easily confused with other medical
emergencies
Occurs when the blood glucose drops
below 4 mmol / litre.
Is treated by giving insulin.
Is treated by giving adrenaline
Well done!
7. A potential hypoglycaemic attack in the
dental practice is diagnosed
By correctly assessing signs and
symptoms
With an electronic instrument
By the failure of the patient to regain
consciousness in a couple of minutes after
being laid flat.
By the failure of the patient to respond
to CPR
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 26
Well done! It is a recommendation
of the UK Resuscitation Council that
every dental practice has a Glucose
Level Monitor, as the symptoms of
hypoglcaemia are easily confused with other
forms of collapse.
8. An unconscious hypoglycaemic patient
can be treated by giving a glucagon
injection.Which of these statement is
true?
It can take 30 minutes for consciousness
to return.
The dose for a child is 10mg.
The patient must be given sugar on
recovery.
The patient may wheeze due to fluid
retention in the lungs
Well done! Glucagon is very
temporary.
9. Sweating, clammy skin can be caused
by:
Hypoglycaemia
Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
Fainting (syncope)
All the above
Well done!
10. Vomiting can be caused by
Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
Adrenal Crisis
Epilepic seizure
All the above
Well done!
THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ARE
CONTRIBUTED BY DR. RANI
WADEKAR
1. What is the point of coronal flare
preparation? 88%
- 1 To allow straight line access to the apical
third - RIGHT. Well done!
- 2 To remove infected dentine from the
walls of the canal - WRONG.
- 3 To create space for a tapered post -
WRONG.
2. You notice the opening to a canal is very
narrow. What should you do? 49%
- 1 Prepare the flare using Gates Gliddens,
stepping back from a size 2 - WRONG.
- 2 Prepare the flare with a NiTi orifice
shaper - WRONG.
- 3 Pre-enlarge the canal with hand files to
size 35 before preparing the flare - RIGHT.
Well done!
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 27
- 4 Prepare the flare using Gates Gliddens,
stepping down from a size 4 - WRONG.
3. How big is the tip of a size 4 Gates
Glidden? 62%
- 1 Size 50 - WRONG.
- 2 Size 70 - WRONG.
- 3 Size 90 - WRONG.
- 4 Size 110 - RIGHT. Well done!
4. How big is the tip of a size 2 Gates
Glidden? 58%
- 1 Size 50 - WRONG.
- 2 Size 70 - RIGHT. Well done!
- 3 Size 90 - WRONG.
- 4 Size 110 - WRONG.
5. Which of these is NOT true about Gates
Glidden drills? 48%
- 1 If they fracture, they are easier to retrieve
than Rotary NiTi files - WRONG.
- 2 They can be 'swept away' from danger
areas like furcations, unlike most rotary
NiTi's - WRONG.
- 3 They leave a smooth step-free surface on
the canal wall - RIGHT. Well done! Extra
smoothing (using the GG2) is needed after
they have been used.
- 4 They are cheaper than NiTi's -
WRONG.
6. Which part of an instrument is used to cut
dentine when preparing a canal? 90%
- 1 The tip region - WRONG.
- 2 The sides - RIGHT.
7. Which statement is false? 63%
- 1 The crown down approach of NiTi
orifice shapers reduces transportation of
bacteria apically - WRONG.
- 2 Orifice shapers remove shavings with an
Archimedes Screw action, aiding debris
removal - RIGHT.
- 3 Orifice shapers are long (25mm), making
them harder to use them on back teeth -
RIGHT. Well done! They are usually 19mm
8. Which of these is NOT likely to occur in
the absence of a good coronal flare? 63%
- 1 Zip perforation - WRONG.
- 2 Dentine ledge - WRONG.
- 3 Elbow - WRONG.
- 4 Wall grooving - WRONG.
- 5 Through-the-foramen Apical overinstrumentation
- RIGHT. Well done!
9. What is a zip perforation? 63%
- 1 A perforation caused by the side of a file
going round a curve - RIGHT. Well don!
- 2 A perforation caused by the tip of a file
that was used too heavily - WRONG.
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 28
- 3 A perforation of the pulp chamber floor,
often caused by using an over-large Gates
Glidden - WRONG.
- 4 A perforation of the pulp chamber floor,
often caused by making the access cavity
too deep - WRONG.
10, What can cause a ledge? 78%
- 1 Using a file that is too thick - WRONG.
- 2 Failure to create a proper coronal flare
before exploring the apical region -
RIGHT.
- 3 Using a file that is inflexible -
WRONG.
- 4 Failure to irrigate and recapitulate
between every instrument - WRONG.
- 5 All of these - RIGHT. Well done!
11. How far short of the anatomical apex
would one normally prepare the root canal,
in the absence of an alectronic apex locator?
74%
- 1 0 mm - WRONG.
- 2 0.5 mm - WRONG.
- 3 1 mm - RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 1.5 mm - WRONG.
- 5 2 mm - WRONG.
- 6 3 mm - WRONG.
12. When estimating the working length of a
tooth: 65%
- 1 The estimate should be the same as the
true working length - WRONG.
- 2 The estimate should err on the long side -
WRONG.
- 3 The estimate should err on the short side
- RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 It doesn't matter, because the canal
preparation does not start until the true
working length is known - WRONG. There's
some truth in this if you are using an
Electronic Apex Locater, but as a general
rule, shorter is safer.
13. To estimate a working length: 42%
- 1 An undistorted pre-op radiograph is
essential - WRONG.
- 2 Knowledge of the average lengths of
teeth is sometimes enough, if the radiograph
is distorted - RIGHT. Well done!
14. True or false: The Parallel radiographic
technique provides an undistorted view of a
tooth. 57%
- 1 True - WRONG.
- 2 False - RIGHT. Well done!
15. True or false: The Bisecting-Angle
radiographic technique provides an
undistorted view of a tooth 74%
- 1 True - WRONG.
- 2 False - RIGHT. Well done!
16. When estimating working length using a
parallel technique radiograph, how much
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 29
enlargement of the image is allowed for?
43%
- 1 None - WRONG.
- 2 1 mm - RIGHT. Well done! Modern
long-cone x-ray machines do not cause
much magnification.
- 3 2 mm - WRONG. Wrong. This may be
true of older short-cone x-ray machines, but
these are little used nowadays.
- 4 3 mm - WRONG. Wrong.
17. If a canal was curved away from the
beam on a pre-op radiograph, how would
this affect you estimated working length?
73%
- 1 It would be on the short side - RIGHT.
Well done! You can't often tell if it is curved
in this plane, but the error is on the safe side
(i.e. too short)
- 2 It would have no effect - WRONG.
- 3 It would be on the long side - WRONG.
18. When estimating working length from
your knowledge of average lengths of teeth
and a bisecting-angle radiograph, which of
these would you NOT make an allowance
for? 39%
- 1 Apical root resorption - WRONG.
- 2 Incisal wear - WRONG.
- 3 Incisal fracture - WRONG.
- 4 Canal calculi (pulp stones) - RIGHT.
- 5 Elongation or foreshortening on the
radiograph - WRONG.
19. Which of these is the usual reference
point for a molar? 90%
- 1 The pulp floor - WRONG.
- 2 A cusp tip - RIGHT. Well done!
- 3 A rubber stop - WRONG.
- 4 A graduated 'seeker' file - WRONG.
20. To obtain the estimated working length
from a Parallel technique radiograph, one
subtracts how much from the tooth image's
length? 39%
- 1 0 mm - WRONG.
- 2 1 mm - RIGHT. Well done. 1 to 2 is OK
- 3 2 mm - RIGHT. Well done. 1 to 2 is OK
- 4 3 mm - RIGHT. Wrong. This used to be
true, but EALs and long-cone xray machines
have changed all
21. For canines, it is usually safe to
introduce a file: 49%
- 1 16 mm - WRONG.
- 2 18 mm - WRONG.
- 3 20 mm - RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 22 mm - WRONG.
22. For all other teeth (not canines), it is
usually safe to introduce a file 72%
- 1 16 mm - WRONG.
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 30
- 2 18 mm - RIGHT. Well done!
- 3 20 mm - WRONG.
- 4 22 mm - WRONG.
23. A tooth has apical root resorbtion. When
judging the working length, the foramen will
probably be: 55%
- 1 1 mm short of the apex (on average) -
WRONG.
- 2 More than this - WRONG.
- 3 Less than this - RIGHT. Well done! The
foramen stays in the same place while the
tooth gets shorter
24. The true working length is determined
with an apex locator and a size 8 or 10 file:
71%
- 1 After access to the canal orifice has been
made - WRONG.
- 2 After the coronal 2/3rds has been shaped
- RIGHT. Well done!
- 3 After the apical 1/3rd has been shaped -
WRONG.
25. The true working length is confirmed
with a radiograph using a 62%
- 1size 8 file - WRONG.
- 2size10 file - WRONG.
- 3 size 15 file - RIGHT. Well done!
Sometimes a thick root (like an upper
central incisor) needs a size 20 to show up
on the radiograph.
- 4 size 25 file - WRONG.
26. The file should be repositioned and a
new working length radiograph taken if it is
short of the true working length by: 53%
- 1 1 mm - WRONG.
- 2 2 mm - WRONG.
- 3 3 mm - RIGHT. Well done!
Radiographic distortion comes into play
when you are this much out. However, a
good EAL reading may reduce the need for
repeat films.
- 4 4 mm - WRONG.
- 5 5 mm - WRONG.
27. A W.L. radiograph has a file inserted 17
mm. It is 2.5 mm short of the anatomical
apex. You do not have an EAL. What is the
true working length? 74%
- 1 17 mm - WRONG.
- 2 18 mm - WRONG.
- 3 18.5 mm - RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 19 mm - WRONG.
- 5 19.5 mm - WRONG.
- 6 20.5 mm - WRONG.
28. With a multi-canal tooth: 42%
- 1Each root requires a separate W.L.
radiograph - WRONG.
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 31
- 2 All roots should be measured on one
radiograph, using their nearest cusp (if
possible) as a landmark - WRONG.
- 3 All roots should be measured on one
radiograph, using the same cusp (if possible)
as a landmark - RIGHT. Well done! (but not
always possible)
29. Which of these would NOT sometimes
give a false reading on an electronic apex
locator? 38%
- 1 Lateral canal - WRONG.
- 2 Root fracture - WRONG.
- 3 Contact with metal restoration -
WRONG.
- 4 Fluid in canal - WRONG.
- 5 Canal calculus (Pulp stone) - RIGHT.
30. In endodontics, what level of accuracy is
reasonably achievable with good technique?
23%
- 1 ± 0.1 mm - WRONG.
- 2 ± 0.25 mm - RIGHT. Well done!
- 3 ± 0.5 mm - WRONG.
- 4 ± 1 mm - WRONG.
- 5 ± 1.5 mm - WRONG
31. What is mant by 'Friction Fit' ? 58%
- 1 A gentle resistance to withdrawl of the
master cone - RIGHT. Well done!
- 2 A firm resistance to withdrawl of the
master cone - WRONG.
- 3 A good fit of the master cone in the
apical third of the canal - WRONG.
32. What is meant by 'Tug Back' ? 57%
- 1 A gentle resistance to withdrawl of the
master cone - WRONG.
- 2 A firm resistance to withdrawl of the
master cone - RIGHT. Well done! Tug back
is a very strong form of friction fit
- 3 A good fit of the master cone in the
apical third of the canal - WRONG.
33. What is the taper of a standard GP cone
? 84%
- 1 0% - WRONG.
- 2 1% - WRONG.
- 3 2% - RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 5% - WRONG.
- 5 10% - WRONG.
34. You have prepared the apical 1mm of a
canal with a size 30 Master File. What size
master point would you expect to fit ? 77%
- 1 Size 25 - WRONG.
- 2 Slightly less than size 30 - WRONG.
- 3 Size 30 - WRONG.
- 4 Slightly more than size 30 - RIGHT.
Well done! The Master File is used until it is
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 32
loose, so the apical diameter is slightly more
than the file size.
35. What is the ISO colour code for size 25?
84%
- 1 White - WRONG.
- 2 Yellow - WRONG.
- 3 Red - RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 Blue - WRONG.
- 5 Green - WRONG.
- 6 Black - WRONG.
36. You have trimmed 1 mm off a standard
size 30 cone, and found it is now a friction
fit in the apical region of a canal you
prepared. What is the diameter of your
apical region preparation? 59%
- 1 0.28 mm (size 28) - WRONG.
- 2 0.29 mm (size 29) - WRONG.
- 3 0.30 mm (size 30) - WRONG.
- 4 0.31 mm (size 31) - WRONG.
- 5 0.32 mm (size 32) - RIGHT. Well done!
37. How wide is the tip of a size 20 master
cone ? 87%
- 1 0.02 mm - WRONG.
- 2 0.2 mm - RIGHT.
- 3 2 mm - WRONG.
- 4 20 mm - WRONG.
38. You have prepared an apical region to
size 25. What is the first cone you would try
in ? 51%
- 1 size 20 - WRONG.
- 2 size 25 - WRONG.
- 3 size 30 - RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 size 35 - WRONG.
39. If a canal is prepared to a 5% taper, why
not use a 5% master cone instead of the
standard 2% when obturating by cold lateral
condensation? 67%
- 1 Cold lateral condensation would be very
difficult - RIGHT. Well done!
- 2 Sealant would be expressed through the
apex - RIGHT.
- 3 It would be too rigid to negotiate curved
canals - WRONG.
- 4 They are very expensive - WRONG.
40. Recommended master cone sizes for
Upper Central Incisors fall in the range of:
61%
- 1 sizes 8 to 15 - WRONG.
- 2 sizes 20 to 30 - WRONG.
- 3 sizes 35 to 60 - RIGHT. Well done!
There is of course natural variation, with
calcified canals or open immature apices.
- 4 sizes 65 to 90 - WRONG.
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 33
41. Which statement is true about an apical
seat? 80%
- 1 The master cone will go further than the
working length - WRONG.
- 2 The master cone stops at working length,
but smaller ones go further - RIGHT. Well
done!
- 3 The master cone, and smaller ones, all
stop at the working length - WRONG.
- 4 The master cone will not reach the
working length - WRONG.
42. Standard files have a 2% taper. What is
the percentage taper you create when you
'step back' by 1mm per file? 63%
- 1 1% - WRONG.
- 2 2% - WRONG.
- 3 4% - WRONG.
- 4 5% - RIGHT. Well done!
- 5 10% - WRONG.
43. When checking the taper of a prepared
canal with a finger spreader, how far would
you insert the instrument? 78%
- 1 To the apex - WRONG.
- 2 To the working length - WRONG.
- 3 To 1 mm short of the working length -
RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 2/3rds down the root - WRONG.
44. When checking that the taper is
adequate, and that lateral condensation is
possible, you should: 54%
- 1 Place the Master Cone, then check the
spreader reaches the desired length
alongside it - WRONG.
- 2 Place the spreader into the empty canal -
RIGHT. Well done!
45, Approximately how much sealer paste
would you place on the Master Cone prior to
inserting it? 58%
- 1 The length of the canal - WRONG.
- 2 The length of the tooth - WRONG.
- 3 5mm - RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 2 mm - WRONG.
- 5 1 mm - WRONG.
FEW B - UNIVERSITY QUESTIONS
===================================================================
Here Are Few Questions From Birmingham University E-Course Papers.
For Those Who Do Not For What These Questions Are ?
These Questions Are Important For AIIMS/AIPG As AIIMS People Used To Directly Pick
Questions From These E-Course Papers. Earlier These Questions Were Available For Free Of
Cost To All But Now These Questions Are Limited To Just The Students And Staff At The
School Of Dentistry, Birmingham UK, Still A Website Named Http://Www.Dentaljuce.Com
Offers Similar Questions At The Cost Of 79 Pounds. But In The Recent Years There Were
Very Few Questions From This E-Course But Still We Can’t Just Ignore These Questions. So
Here Are The Questions Which I Was Able To Collect On Net And My Seniors Especially Dr.
Sandeep Goyal Sir (MDS Oral Pathology) .
Q1What is an amalgam
53% said
A) A mercury alloy
5% said
B) A silver alloy
10% said
C) An alloy of mercury and silver
32% said
D) An alloy of mercury, silver, tin, zinc,
and maybe copper
Q2What is a dental amalgam alloy?
5%
A) A mercury alloy
24%
B) A silver alloy
12%
C) An alloy of mercury and silver
58%
D) An alloy of mercury, silver, tin, zinc,
and maybe copper
Q3How much copper is in a high-copper
dental amalgam alloy?
13%
A) 2 - 12 %
73%
B) 12 - 32 %
12%
C) 32 - 52%
3%
D) above 52%
Q4What is another name for a highcopper
dental amalgam alloy?
20%
A) gamma 2
80%
B) non gamma 2
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 2
Q5Zinc is often added to improve dental
amalgam properties.What happens to a
zinc containing low-copper alloy if it gets
moisture in it?
17%
A) It corrodes
6%
B) It contracts
62%
C) It expands
11%
D) It creeps
5%
E) None of these
Q6What happens to a zinc containing
high-copper alloy if it gets moisture in it?
14%
A) It corrodes
13%
B) It contracts
32%
C) It expands
10%
D) It creeps
32%
E) None of these
Q7True or false? The gamma 2 phase of
old-fashioned amalgams is weak.
88%
A) True
12%
B) False
Q8True or false? The gamma 2 phase of
old-fashioned amalgams is highly
corrodable.
84%
A) True
16%
B) False
Q9Which of these is a mixture of lathecut
and spherical alloy particles?
35%
A) Hybrid
56%
B) Admixed
5%
C) gamma 2
5%
D) non gamma 2
Q10True or false? Dental amalgam wears
at approximately the same rate as tooth
structure.
40%
A) True
60%
B) False
Q11True or false? Corrosion of dental
amalgam helps to reduce microleakage.
77%
A) True
23%
B) False
Q12True or false? Corrosion of dental
amalgam helps to bond amalgam to the
tooth.
29%
A) True
71%
B) False
13When amalgam is polished, the metal
crystals at the surface get flattened. This
layer is called the -
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 3
19%
A) Dalby layer
38%
B) Beelby layer
16%
C) Trilby layer
28%
D) Whitby layer
Q14Why is there tin in dental amalgam?
54%
A) To slow down the reaction rate and
give adequate working time
16%
B) To reduce corrosion
12%
C) To scavenge water molecules
18%
D) To give the filling strength
15True or false? Copper reacts with the
Tin to create a strong phase. This
prevents the tin from reacting with the
mercury to create a weak phase.
80%
A) True
20%
B) False
Q16Which is the gamma 1 phase?
27%
A) Ag3Sn
62%
B) Ag2Hg3
5%
C) AgCu
3%
D) Cu6Sn5
4%
E) Sn7Hg
Q17Which is the gamma 2 phase?
17%
A) Ag3Sn
7%
B) Ag2Hg3
7%
C) AgCu
8%
D) Cu6Sn5
61%
E) Sn7Hg
Q18True or false? The reaction for lowcopper
amalgam is:
Ag3Sn + Hg -> Ag3Sn + Ag2Hg3 + Sn7Hg
84%
A) True
16%
B) False
Q19What is the most serious problem
with restoring posterior teeth with
amalgam?
12%
A) Mercury toxicity
7%
B) Unaesthetic
55%
C) Lots of sound tooth needs to be
removed
24%
D) Expansion can cause cusp fracture
1%
E) Short lifetime compared to many
other restorative materials
Q20Which is more important when
comparing dental amalgams?
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 4
46%
A) Low creep
46%
B) High compressive strength
8%
C) High shear strength
Q21What is the ratio of mercury to alloy?
23%
A) 0.5 : 1
9%
B) 0.75 : 1
50%
C) 1 : 1
6%
D) 1.25 : 1
4%
E) 1.5 : 1
8%
F) 2 :1
Q22What is triturition?
92%
A) Mixing
5%
B) Packing
2%
C) Carving
2%
D) Polishing
Q23How long before amalgam forms a
seal with the tooth?
10%
A) 1 hour
51%
B) 24 hours
8%
C) 1 week
6%
D) 1 month
25%
E) 3 months
Q24What is an amalcore?
60% said
A) An amalgam restoration that enters
and plugs the canal orifice(s)
12% said
B) A cast post with an amalgam on top
of it
21% said
C) A pinned amalgam core for a crown
7% said
D) An amalgam that covers the entire
occlusal surface of the tooth
Q25Why is infection control so especially
important in endodontics ?
7%
A) To prevent cross-infection of the
operator and nurse
74%
B) To allow healing of the peri-radicular
tissues
12%
C) To prevent the patient picking up
infection from previous patients
8%
D) To reduce New Variant CJD
transmission
Q26What is meant by aseptic technique?
45%
A) Working in a field as near sterile as
possible
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 5
4%
B) Limiting infection to the patient's
own oral bacteria
12%
C) Ensuring all micro-organisms are
removed or killed as part of the procedure
39%
D) Not introducing any micro-organisms
to the canal that weren't already there before
you started
Q27Which is NOT a function of Rubber
Dam?
1%
A) Preventing saliva contamination
6%
B) Improving visibility
9%
C) Confining excess irrigants
50%
D) Making access to the pulp chamber
easier
22%
E) Improving patient comfort
11%
F) Reducing medicolegal liability
Q28True or false? Excellent mechanical
instrumentation will remove virtually all
the infected tissue from the root canal
system.
39%
A) True
61%
B) False
Q29What strength of Sodium
Hypochlorite (bleach) is used for canal
irrigation?
5%
A) 1%
25%
B) 2%
56%
C) 5%
7%
D) 10%
3%
E) 20%
4%
F) 50%
Q30What intra-canal medication should
normally be placed in the canal between
visits?
26%
A) Ledermix (combined anti-biotic and
anti-inflammatory)
46%
B) Hypocal
13%
C) Dycal or Life
13%
D) Para-chloro-mono-phenol (PCMP)
1%
E) Paper point
Q31When irrigating with bleach, how far
should the needle be inserted?
20%
A) Into the pulp chamber only
9%
B) 7mm from the apex
66%
C) To the point just before it just binds
on the canal walls, but must be short of the
working length
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 6
5%
D) to the working length
Q32Which of these does bleach NOT do?
17%
A) Lubricate the canal
5%
B) Dissolve organic debris
8%
C) Kill bacteria
2%
D) Wash out debris
67%
E) Dissolve sclerosed dentine
Q33What needle is used for delivering
bleach when irrigating a canal?
21%
A) Side venting wide bore
50%
B) Side venting narrow bore
10%
C) End venting wide bore
19%
D) End venting narrow bore
Q34About how long does it take bacteria
contacting the coronal end of a very well
condensed root filling to penetrate
through it to the apex?
7%
A) 1 day max
16%
B) 1 week max
29%
C) 6 weeks max
15%
D) 6 months max
32%
E) Many years
Q35If you can't get dam onto a tooth for
root treatment, which solution is
unacceptable?
12%
A) Restore the tooth first to enable dam
placement, then drill access through the new
restoration
4%
B) Crown lengthening by electrosurgery
54%
C) Working without dam
6%
D) Restoring with a copper band
23%
E) Placing the dam clamp beaks directly
onto the gingiva
Q36Which of these is NOT true when
Vitrebond is used as a canal orifice
sealant
31%
A) Hard to identify if re-treatment is
needed
34%
B) May not be fully set all the way
through
36%
C) Doesn't bond well to dentine
Q37What is a hermetic seal, as applied to
endodontics?
5%
A) Airtight
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 7
11%
B) Waterproof
5%
C) Saliva can't pass
13%
D) Micro-organisms can't pass
67%
E) All of these
Q38If a patient has gingival recession,
how far should the gutta percha be
trimmed back before sealing the coronal?
49%
A) 1mm below the level of the recession
22%
B) 1mm below the ACJ
19%
C) 1mm below the canal opening
10%
D) 1mm below the roof of the pulp
chamber
Q39If a patient has NO gingival recession,
how far should the gutta percha be
trimmed back before sealing the coronal?
5%
A) 1mm below the level of the recession
52%
B) 1mm below the ACJ
29%
C) 1mm below the canal opening
14%
D) 1mm below the roof of the pulp
chamber
Q40If you choose to temporarily seal the
access cavity of a tooth with Kalzinol, how
thick should it be?
6%
A) 1 mm
31%
B) 2 mm
42%
C) 3 mm
21%
D) 4 mm
Q41Which of these is the best material as
a temporary dressing for an access cavity
after endo is completed ?
11%
A) Life or Dycal
22%
B) Chemfil
46%
C) Kalzinol
21%
D) Poly-F
Q42Which of these pulp locations can be
removed mechanically?
4%
A) Lateral Canals
73%
B) Pulp horns
5%
C) Cul-de-sacs (dead ends)
6%
D) Apical Ramifications
7%
E) Isthmi
4%
F) Concavities
Q43To control infection during endo, the
files must be cleaned between uses. How?
16%
A) Dry gauze in a ring holder
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 8
4%
B) Gauze dampened with water
48%
C) Gauze dampened with bleach
32%
D) Gauze dampened with Chlorhexidine
Q44 What does Enamel Bonding Agent
(EBA) consist of?
51% said
A) Unfilled resin
21% said
B) A mixture of resins in an acetone or
ethanol solvent.
6% said
C) A wetting agent and resins.
22% said
D) A mixture of priming and bonding
agents.
Q45Which of these products is an EBA?
33%
A) Prime & Bond
34%
B) Durafill
13%
C) One Step
7%
D) Liner-bond
12%
E) Gluma
Q46Etched enamel does not need
'wetting' before the Enamel Bonding
Agent is applied.Why not?
56%
A) It has a high surface-free energy.
9%
B) It has a low surface-free energy.
14%
C) Enamel Bonding Agent has low
surface tension.
21%
D) The negative charge in EBA is
attracted to the positive Calcium Ions in
etched enamel.
Q47True or false? If a cavity margin is in
dentine (e.g. some cervical cavities), EBA
should not be used.
59%
A) True
41%
B) False
Q48What is the bond strength achievable
using EBA on etched enamel? ( 1 MPa =
1kg/mm2 )
6%
A) 1 MPa
21%
B) 5 MPa
25%
C) 15 MPa
48%
D) 30 MPa
Q49What is the approximate stress
caused by polymerisation contraction of
composite?
8%
A) 1 MPa
53%
B) 5 MPa
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 9
32%
C) 15 MPa
8%
D) 30 MPa
Q50Does the bond strength of EBA to
enamel exceed the contraction stress of
polymerised composite?
14%
A) No
10%
B) About equal
21%
C) Yes, slightly.
54%
D) Yes, greatly.
Q51Can a dentine bonding system be
used on etched enamel?
71%
A) Yes
29%
B) No
Q52Which of these is NOT an advantage
of EBA over dentine bonding systems?
9%
A) Less marginal leakage
13%
B) Better colour stability
11%
C) Higher bond strength
6%
D) Easier to apply
12%
E) Cheaper
48%
F) Less moisture sensitive
Q53A dentine 'Primer' -
8%
A) Etches the dentine
53%
B) Raises the surface-free energy of (I.e.
'wets') the dentine
22%
C) Removes the smear layer
5%
D) Bonds the composite
11%
E) Conditions the dentine
Q54A dentine 'Conditioner' -
74%
A) Removes the smear layer
6%
B) Raises the surface-free energy of the
dentine
8%
C) Bonds the composite
12%
D) Thinly coats the collagen fibrils with
resin
Q55The resin in EBA is usually -
22%
A) HEMA
63%
B) Bis-GMA
2%
C) PENTA
6%
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 10
D) Di-Methyl Methacrylate
7%
E) Methyl Methacrylate
Q56The resins in a Dentine Bonding
Sytem Primer -
5%
A) have a high molecular weight
11%
B) are viscous
13%
C) have high surface tension
71%
D) are hydrophilic
Q57The solvent that helps dentine
'wetting' in DBS's is often -
6%
A) Water
72%
B) Acetone or Ethanol
2%
C) Carbon Tetrachloride
7%
D) Ethylamine
13%
E) Low molecular weight resin
Q58Including etching, how many stages
are involved in dentine bonding?
12%
A) 2
30%
B) 3
6%
C) 4
51%
D) Varies with different systems
Q59What is the approximate bond
strength between dentine and composite
when a modern DBS is used?
2%
A) 1 MPa
25%
B) 5 MPa
31%
C) 15 MPa
42%
D) More than 15 MPa
Q60Does the bond strength to dentine
when a DBS is used exceed the
contraction stress of polymerised
composite?
19%
A) No
32%
B) About equal
49%
C) Yes
Q61Which of these does acid etch NOT
do to dentine?
13%
A) Remove the smear layer
9%
B) Open up the dentinal tubules
12%
C) Expose collagen fibrils
66%
D) Increase the surface-free energy
Q62True or false? Dentine should be
slightly moist when applying a DBS
Primer.
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 11
85%
A) True
15%
B) False
Q63True or false? Enamel should be
slightly moist when applying an EBA.
10%
A) True
90%
B) False
Q64What is the Matrix in Composite?
88% said
A) The resin into which the filler
particles are inserted
8% said
B) A transparent strip which holds it
against the tooth
3% said
C) The polymerisation initiator
0% said
D) An energy source for machines
Q65What is the Matrix usually made of?
8%
A) HEMA
2%
B) Mylar
2%
C) EDTA
87%
D) Bis-GMA
2%
E) Celluloid
Q66Composite:What are the filler
particles made of?
24%
A) Methacrylate resins
68%
B) Glass
5%
C) Glass Ionomer
3%
D) Titanium Dioxide
Q67Composite:What is the initiator ?
15%
A) Light
41%
B) A chemical which starts the
polymerisation reaction
44%
C) Either of these
Q68Composite: How are the filler
particles joined to the matrix?
11%
A) Micro-mechanical retention
8%
B) Bipolar bond
77%
C) With a silane coupling agent
4%
D) The outside of the particles is
dissolved and a metal ionic bond is formed
Q69True or false? Composite is naturally
adhesive to teeth.
13%
A) True
87%
B) False
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 12
Q70True or false? Higher filler loading
makes a composite easier to polish.
29%
A) True
71%
B) False
Q71True or false? Higher filler loading
makes a composite stronger.
91%
A) True
9%
B) False
Q72True or false? High filler loading
results in less polymerisation contraction.
84%
A) True
16%
B) False
Q73True or false? Higher filler loading
makes a composite easier to handle.
38%
A) True
62%
B) False
Q74True or false? Composite has a
similar coefficient of thermal expansion
as tooth tissues.
32%
A) True
68%
B) False
Q75True or false? Microfilled composite
can be used for Class IV cavities.
59%
A) True
41%
B) False
Q76True or false? Microfilled composite
can be used for Class V cavities.
85%
A) True
15%
B) False
Q77What is the typical particle size in
microfilled composite, in micrometres?
63%
A) 0.04
29%
B) 0.4
6%
C) 4
2%
D) 40
Q78What is special about a hybrid
composite?
6%
A) It is a mixture of Composite and
Compomer.
80%
B) It contains both large and small filler
particles.
8%
C) The matrix is a mixture of Bis-GMA
and TEG-GMA.
5%
D) The filler particles are a mixture of
glass and Silicon Dioxide
Q79What is special about a posterior
composite?
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 13
12%
A) It is dual-cured
78%
B) It is very heavily filled
6%
C) It flows easily during placement
5%
D) It is cured outside the mouth and
cemented into the tooth
Q80Which of these lining materials
should not be used with composite?
8%
A) Life
5%
B) Poly-F
6%
C) Vitrebond
59%
D) Kalzinol
21%
E) Zinc Phosphate
Q81What is the maximum thickness of
composite that a curing light can
penetrate?
6%
A) 0.5 mm
9%
B) 1 mm
79%
C) 2 mm
7%
D) 3 mm
Q82What is the approximate
polymerisation contraction stress when
composite sets?
7%
A) 1 MPa
55%
B) 5 MPa
26%
C) 15 MPa
11%
D) 30 MPa
Q83What is NOT a common result of
microleakage at a composite margin?
7%
A) Secondary caries
12%
B) Sensitivity
17%
C) Staining
64%
D) Enamel fracture
Q84True or false: Compomer is a Resin
Modified Glass Ionomer.
26% said
A) True
74% said
B) False
Q85Which of these is a compomer?
8%
A) Herculite
4%
B) Gluma
6%
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 14
C) Fuji IX
67%
D) Dyract
15%
E) Vitremer
Q86How does compomer set?
13%
A) Acid-base reaction
13%
B) Polymer chains cross-linked with
metal ions
71%
C) Polymerisation of methacrylate resins
3%
D) Precipitation of soluble ions
Q87True or false? The acid soluble glass
in compomer is silane coated.
74%
A) True
26%
B) False
Q88What is the most useful property of
compomer?
39%
A) Releases fluoride
32%
B) Handles easily
29%
C) Bonds to enamel and dentine
Q89True or false? Compomer is
permable to water.
59%
A) True
41%
B) False
Q90True or false? Compomer is more
colour-stable than composite.
25%
A) True
75%
B) False
Q91True or false? Compomer is stronger
than composite.
19%
A) True
81%
B) False
Q92True or false? Compomer has less
filler than composite.
81%
A) True
19%
B) False
Q93True or false? Compomer is water
based.
33%
A) True
67%
B) False
Q94What type of material is ChemFil
5% said
A) Composite
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 15
6% said
B) Compomer
75% said
C) Glass Ionomer
13% said
D) Resin Modified Glass Ionomer
1% said
E) Synthetic Porcelain
Q95ChemFil's elasticity (elastic modulus)
matches that of
1%
A) Cementum
73%
B) Dentine
12%
C) Enamel
13%
D) None of these
Q96True or False? Chemfil is suitable to
treat erosion cavities because it is
resistant to acid attack.
32%
A) True
68%
B) False
Q97True or False? ChemFil is suitable to
restore toothbrush abrasion cavities as it
has good wear resistance
25%
A) True
75%
B) False
Q98True or False? ChemFil is suitable to
restore occlusal cavities as it has good
compressive strength
20%
A) True
80%
B) False
Q99True or False? ChemFil is suitable to
treat cervical caries as it releases fluoride,
which may reduce recurrent caries.
94%
A) True
6%
B) False
Q100True or False? ChemFil bonds well
to dentine.
93%
A) True
7%
B) False
Q101How should ChemFil be mixed when
used as a restoration?
47%
A) Very thick
43%
B) Medium thick
8%
C) Thin
3%
D) Runny
0%
E) Watery
Q102What is the mixing time for
ChemFil?
52%
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 16
A) 20 sec
31%
B) 40 sec
14%
C) 60 sec
3%
D) 90 sec
Q103How does ChemFil set?
9%
A) Light cured
78%
B) Chemical cured
13%
C) Dual cured ( i.e. sets quickly with
light, slowly without light)
Q104When newly placed, it is essential to
protect ChemFil from moisture. How ?
19%
A) Cover with petroleum jelly (vaseline)
29%
B) 1 coat of ChemFil Varnish
43%
C) 2 coats of ChemFil Varnish
9%
D) Use rubber dam
Q105How is chemfil placed into a cavity?
29%
A) Place and pack with a flat plastic
instrument, then allow to set.
28%
B) Use a matrix foil or strip to hold it in
place.
43%
C) Either way is satisfactory
Q106Ideally, how long must a ChemFil
restoration be left before finishing and
polishing it?
15%
A) 3 minutes
15%
B) 7 minutes
5%
C) 1 hour
65%
D) 24 hours
Q107What is the minimum time before it
can be finished?
14%
A) 3 minutes
50%
B) 7 minutes
17%
C) 1 hour
18%
D) 24 hours
Q108If you have to finish a Chemfil
restoration on the same visit, how would
you prevent heat from polishing?
36%
A) Use water spray from the polishing
handpiece.
47%
B) Use vaseline on the restoration.
17%
C) Both of these
Q109True or False? ChemFil restorations
normally have long term excellent
aesthetics.
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 17
15%
A) True
85%
B) False
Q110What is the working time for
ChemFil?
38%
A) 20 sec
24%
B) 40 sec
22%
C) 60 sec
15%
D) 90 sec
Q111True or false? ChemFil is a useful
material for temporary dressings.
81%
A) True
19%
B) False
Q112What liquid is ChemFil powder
mixed with?
33%
A) Polyacrylic acid
2%
B) Phosphoric acid
5%
C) Unfilled resin
58%
D) Water
1%
E) Acetone
Q113What is the bond strength of
ChemFil to Dentine ? (1 MegaPascal =
1kg / mm2)
5%
A) 0.1 Mpa
14%
B) 1 Mpa
51%
C) 5 Mpa
15%
D) 10 Mpa
15%
E) 25 Mpa
Q114Ideally, what type of margin should
be prepared on a cavity before placing a
ChemFil restoration?
15%
A) Feather edge
30%
B) 1mm bevel
55%
C) Butt join
Q115True or false? Unfilled composite
resin can be placed and cured as a glaze
over Chemfil to protect it from moisture.
74%
A) True
26%
B) False
Q116True or false? Unfilled composite
resin can be used as a lubricant when
finishing a Chemfil restoration.
41%
A) True
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 18
59%
B) False
Q117True or false? A scalpel blade can be
used to trim excess Chemfil
interproximally when finishing a ChemFil
restoration.
59%
A) True
41%
B) False
Q118Which of these would you NOT use
to finish a ChemFil restoration?
29%
A) Steel finishing burs
32%
B) High speed diamond burs
1%
C) 3M 'Enhance' polishing cup and disc
8%
D) Tungsten Carbide finishing burs
9%
E) Impregnated rubber points
20%
F) Abrasive polishing paste
Handling Materials: ParaPost
SBA - MCQ
Choose the Single Best Answer (SBA) to
the questions below:
1.What is the minimum acceptable length
for a post?
5mm
7mm
9mm
5mm from apical constriction
3mm from apical constriction
The same length as the crown it
supports
Well done.
2. True or false? There is a higher risk of
root perforation with the ParaPost
technique than a custom-made post
technique.
True
False
Well done.
3. ParaPost drills are -
Side cutting
End cutting
Well done.
4. A black ParaPost drill has the same
diameter as which size Gates Glidden
drill?
No 3
No 4
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 19
No 5
No 6
Well done.
5. True or false? A post hole is initially
prepared by stepping through ParaPost
drills, then using a Gates Glidden to
shape it.
True
False
Well done.
6. True or false? Tapered posts are less
retentive than parallel sided posts.
True
False
Well done.
7. Approximately how many roots are
curved in the apical third?
5%
25%
50%
75%
95%
Well done.
8.Why is it important to retain as much
coronal dentine as possible when
preparing a post crown?
To resist post rotation
To increase post retention
To reduce the crowbar effect
To provide a ferrule effect
All of these
Well done.
9.Which ParaPost is used for the
impression?
The metal one
The smooth plastic one
The serrated plastic one
Well done.
10.Which ParaPost is used for the
temporary crown?
The metal one
The smooth plastic one
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 20
The serrated plastic one
Well done.
11.Which ParaPost is used for the burnout
post?
The metal one
The smooth plastic one
The serrated plastic one
Well done.
12.Which post-hole design provides the
most acceptable anti-rotation effect?
An anti-rotation notch
An oval cross section in the coronal
third
A groove in the thickest wall of the root
An accessory pin hole in the root face
Well done.
13.What is the minimum thickness
(width) of coronal dentine that can be
left?
0.1 mm
0.5 mm
1 mm
1.5 mm
2 mm
Well done.
14.What type of impression should be
used in conjunction with the ParaPost
technique?
One stage
Two stage
Well done.
15. How should the impression be
removed from the mouth with the
ParaPost technique?
Snap action
Slowly, in line with the post
By tilting it to break the seal posteriorly
Well done.
16. True or false? The cast post should be
sandblasted by the lab before it is
returned for fitting.
True
False
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 21
Well done.
17. How should the inside of the post hole
be cleared of residual sealer paste and
Gutta Percha strands
With a high speed handpiece
With a finishing bur on a low-speed
(RA) handpiece
With a sonic scaler
With hand files and Gates Glidden drills
Well done.
Handling Materials: Acid Etch
SBA-MCQ
Choose the Single Best Answer (SBA) to
the questions below:
1.What acid is normally used to etch
teeth in restorative dentistry?
Maleic acid
Acetic acid
Phosphoric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Poly-acrylic acid
Well done.
2.What strength of this acid is normally
used to etch teeth in restorative dentistry?
1 %
5 %
10 %
20 %
35 %
50%
Well done.
3.When etching enamel, approximately
how long should the acid be in place?
10 sec
25 sec
40 sec
60 sec
90 sec
Well done.
4.What is 'conditioner' ?
Acid
Alcohol
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 22
Dentine priming agent
Dentine bonding agent
Acetone
Well done.
5.When etching dentine, approximately
how long should the acid be in place?
10 sec
25 sec
40 sec
60 sec
90 sec
Well done.
6.When washing the acid off a tooth,
approximately how long should you spray
water for?
5 sec
10 sec
30 sec
60 sec
90 sec
Well done.
7.What is the point of the water
spraying?
To ensure all the acid is washed off
To ensure the calcium phosphate
precipitates caused by the etching are
washed away
Both of these
Well done.
8. How deep is the micro-porous layer
created by etching the enamel (in
micrometers) ?
0.5 - 5
5 - 50
50 - 500
500 - 5000
Well done.
9. How much general surface enamel is
removed by etching (in micrometres) ?
0.1
1
10
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 23
100
Well done.
10. How dry should enamel be after
etching, and before placement of a
bonding resin?
Absolutely dry
Almost dry
Slightly moist
Wet
Well done.
11.What is the appearance of correctly
etched enamel?
Frosted
Blotchy
Speckled
Translucent
Well done.
12.Why is etch usually presented as a gel
instead of a solution?
To make identification easier
To allow better control over placement
To enhance and concentrate the action of
the acid
To make it easier to wash off
Well done.
13.Why is the etch gel coloured?
To make identification easier
Legal requirement
The colour changes when etching is
completed
Well done.
14. How should you protect adjacent teeth
from being etched?
Rubber dam
Vaseline
Mylar matrix strip
Cavity varnish
Well done. You can also use PTFE
tape
15. How should the patient be protected
from the acid when it is being washed off?
Excess should be wiped off with cotton
wool first
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 24
Rubber dam should be used
Protective glasses
Full size bib
High speed aspiration
All of these
Well done.
16. How should the pulp be protected
from etch in a very deep cavity?
Line it with Life or Dycal (Calcium
hydroxide liner)
Line it with Life or Dycal, covered with
Vitrebond (a light-cured resin modified
glass ionomer)
Line it with Kalzinol (Zinc oxide /
eugenol)
Protect it with Copalite (cavity varnish)
Protect it with Vitrebond
Well done.
17.What type of enamel / restoration
bond is created when an acid-etch
technique is used?
Chemical (Ionic)
Chemical (Hydrogen)
Chemical (Covalent)
Micro-mechanical
Well done.
Medical Emergencies
SBA - MCQ #3
Choose the Single Best Answer (SBA) to
the questions below:
1. A Partial Epileptic Seizure
Is also known as a grand mal
Patient may have convulsions
Is also known as a tonic-clonic seizure
Patient may hallucinate
Well done!
2. If a patient has an epileptic seizure in
the dental surgery:
They should be given a muscle relaxant
like midazolam
They should have a mouth prop placed
to prevent tongue biting
They should be rolled onto their side.
If they vomit, this should be wiped clear
from their mouth.
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 25
Well done! Into the recovery
position, to prevent fluid aspiration
3. If an adult patient is having a
prolonged seizure (status eilepticus),
Midazolam may be given while waiting
for the ambulance. The dose is
1 mg
5 mg
10 mg
20 mg
Well done!
4. If an adult patient is having a
prolonged seizure at a dental practice,
Midazolam may be given:
By IM injection
By IV injection
Sub-lingually
Intra-nasally or buccally
This is the preferred route by nonspecialists.
5. Hypoglycaemia is
A type of unconsciousness
Low insulin levels
Low blood pressure
Low blood sugar
Well done!
6. Hypoglycaemia
Is easily confused with other medical
emergencies
Occurs when the blood glucose drops
below 4 mmol / litre.
Is treated by giving insulin.
Is treated by giving adrenaline
Well done!
7. A potential hypoglycaemic attack in the
dental practice is diagnosed
By correctly assessing signs and
symptoms
With an electronic instrument
By the failure of the patient to regain
consciousness in a couple of minutes after
being laid flat.
By the failure of the patient to respond
to CPR
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 26
Well done! It is a recommendation
of the UK Resuscitation Council that
every dental practice has a Glucose
Level Monitor, as the symptoms of
hypoglcaemia are easily confused with other
forms of collapse.
8. An unconscious hypoglycaemic patient
can be treated by giving a glucagon
injection.Which of these statement is
true?
It can take 30 minutes for consciousness
to return.
The dose for a child is 10mg.
The patient must be given sugar on
recovery.
The patient may wheeze due to fluid
retention in the lungs
Well done! Glucagon is very
temporary.
9. Sweating, clammy skin can be caused
by:
Hypoglycaemia
Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
Fainting (syncope)
All the above
Well done!
10. Vomiting can be caused by
Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
Adrenal Crisis
Epilepic seizure
All the above
Well done!
THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ARE
CONTRIBUTED BY DR. RANI
WADEKAR
1. What is the point of coronal flare
preparation? 88%
- 1 To allow straight line access to the apical
third - RIGHT. Well done!
- 2 To remove infected dentine from the
walls of the canal - WRONG.
- 3 To create space for a tapered post -
WRONG.
2. You notice the opening to a canal is very
narrow. What should you do? 49%
- 1 Prepare the flare using Gates Gliddens,
stepping back from a size 2 - WRONG.
- 2 Prepare the flare with a NiTi orifice
shaper - WRONG.
- 3 Pre-enlarge the canal with hand files to
size 35 before preparing the flare - RIGHT.
Well done!
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 27
- 4 Prepare the flare using Gates Gliddens,
stepping down from a size 4 - WRONG.
3. How big is the tip of a size 4 Gates
Glidden? 62%
- 1 Size 50 - WRONG.
- 2 Size 70 - WRONG.
- 3 Size 90 - WRONG.
- 4 Size 110 - RIGHT. Well done!
4. How big is the tip of a size 2 Gates
Glidden? 58%
- 1 Size 50 - WRONG.
- 2 Size 70 - RIGHT. Well done!
- 3 Size 90 - WRONG.
- 4 Size 110 - WRONG.
5. Which of these is NOT true about Gates
Glidden drills? 48%
- 1 If they fracture, they are easier to retrieve
than Rotary NiTi files - WRONG.
- 2 They can be 'swept away' from danger
areas like furcations, unlike most rotary
NiTi's - WRONG.
- 3 They leave a smooth step-free surface on
the canal wall - RIGHT. Well done! Extra
smoothing (using the GG2) is needed after
they have been used.
- 4 They are cheaper than NiTi's -
WRONG.
6. Which part of an instrument is used to cut
dentine when preparing a canal? 90%
- 1 The tip region - WRONG.
- 2 The sides - RIGHT.
7. Which statement is false? 63%
- 1 The crown down approach of NiTi
orifice shapers reduces transportation of
bacteria apically - WRONG.
- 2 Orifice shapers remove shavings with an
Archimedes Screw action, aiding debris
removal - RIGHT.
- 3 Orifice shapers are long (25mm), making
them harder to use them on back teeth -
RIGHT. Well done! They are usually 19mm
8. Which of these is NOT likely to occur in
the absence of a good coronal flare? 63%
- 1 Zip perforation - WRONG.
- 2 Dentine ledge - WRONG.
- 3 Elbow - WRONG.
- 4 Wall grooving - WRONG.
- 5 Through-the-foramen Apical overinstrumentation
- RIGHT. Well done!
9. What is a zip perforation? 63%
- 1 A perforation caused by the side of a file
going round a curve - RIGHT. Well don!
- 2 A perforation caused by the tip of a file
that was used too heavily - WRONG.
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 28
- 3 A perforation of the pulp chamber floor,
often caused by using an over-large Gates
Glidden - WRONG.
- 4 A perforation of the pulp chamber floor,
often caused by making the access cavity
too deep - WRONG.
10, What can cause a ledge? 78%
- 1 Using a file that is too thick - WRONG.
- 2 Failure to create a proper coronal flare
before exploring the apical region -
RIGHT.
- 3 Using a file that is inflexible -
WRONG.
- 4 Failure to irrigate and recapitulate
between every instrument - WRONG.
- 5 All of these - RIGHT. Well done!
11. How far short of the anatomical apex
would one normally prepare the root canal,
in the absence of an alectronic apex locator?
74%
- 1 0 mm - WRONG.
- 2 0.5 mm - WRONG.
- 3 1 mm - RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 1.5 mm - WRONG.
- 5 2 mm - WRONG.
- 6 3 mm - WRONG.
12. When estimating the working length of a
tooth: 65%
- 1 The estimate should be the same as the
true working length - WRONG.
- 2 The estimate should err on the long side -
WRONG.
- 3 The estimate should err on the short side
- RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 It doesn't matter, because the canal
preparation does not start until the true
working length is known - WRONG. There's
some truth in this if you are using an
Electronic Apex Locater, but as a general
rule, shorter is safer.
13. To estimate a working length: 42%
- 1 An undistorted pre-op radiograph is
essential - WRONG.
- 2 Knowledge of the average lengths of
teeth is sometimes enough, if the radiograph
is distorted - RIGHT. Well done!
14. True or false: The Parallel radiographic
technique provides an undistorted view of a
tooth. 57%
- 1 True - WRONG.
- 2 False - RIGHT. Well done!
15. True or false: The Bisecting-Angle
radiographic technique provides an
undistorted view of a tooth 74%
- 1 True - WRONG.
- 2 False - RIGHT. Well done!
16. When estimating working length using a
parallel technique radiograph, how much
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 29
enlargement of the image is allowed for?
43%
- 1 None - WRONG.
- 2 1 mm - RIGHT. Well done! Modern
long-cone x-ray machines do not cause
much magnification.
- 3 2 mm - WRONG. Wrong. This may be
true of older short-cone x-ray machines, but
these are little used nowadays.
- 4 3 mm - WRONG. Wrong.
17. If a canal was curved away from the
beam on a pre-op radiograph, how would
this affect you estimated working length?
73%
- 1 It would be on the short side - RIGHT.
Well done! You can't often tell if it is curved
in this plane, but the error is on the safe side
(i.e. too short)
- 2 It would have no effect - WRONG.
- 3 It would be on the long side - WRONG.
18. When estimating working length from
your knowledge of average lengths of teeth
and a bisecting-angle radiograph, which of
these would you NOT make an allowance
for? 39%
- 1 Apical root resorption - WRONG.
- 2 Incisal wear - WRONG.
- 3 Incisal fracture - WRONG.
- 4 Canal calculi (pulp stones) - RIGHT.
- 5 Elongation or foreshortening on the
radiograph - WRONG.
19. Which of these is the usual reference
point for a molar? 90%
- 1 The pulp floor - WRONG.
- 2 A cusp tip - RIGHT. Well done!
- 3 A rubber stop - WRONG.
- 4 A graduated 'seeker' file - WRONG.
20. To obtain the estimated working length
from a Parallel technique radiograph, one
subtracts how much from the tooth image's
length? 39%
- 1 0 mm - WRONG.
- 2 1 mm - RIGHT. Well done. 1 to 2 is OK
- 3 2 mm - RIGHT. Well done. 1 to 2 is OK
- 4 3 mm - RIGHT. Wrong. This used to be
true, but EALs and long-cone xray machines
have changed all
21. For canines, it is usually safe to
introduce a file: 49%
- 1 16 mm - WRONG.
- 2 18 mm - WRONG.
- 3 20 mm - RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 22 mm - WRONG.
22. For all other teeth (not canines), it is
usually safe to introduce a file 72%
- 1 16 mm - WRONG.
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 30
- 2 18 mm - RIGHT. Well done!
- 3 20 mm - WRONG.
- 4 22 mm - WRONG.
23. A tooth has apical root resorbtion. When
judging the working length, the foramen will
probably be: 55%
- 1 1 mm short of the apex (on average) -
WRONG.
- 2 More than this - WRONG.
- 3 Less than this - RIGHT. Well done! The
foramen stays in the same place while the
tooth gets shorter
24. The true working length is determined
with an apex locator and a size 8 or 10 file:
71%
- 1 After access to the canal orifice has been
made - WRONG.
- 2 After the coronal 2/3rds has been shaped
- RIGHT. Well done!
- 3 After the apical 1/3rd has been shaped -
WRONG.
25. The true working length is confirmed
with a radiograph using a 62%
- 1size 8 file - WRONG.
- 2size10 file - WRONG.
- 3 size 15 file - RIGHT. Well done!
Sometimes a thick root (like an upper
central incisor) needs a size 20 to show up
on the radiograph.
- 4 size 25 file - WRONG.
26. The file should be repositioned and a
new working length radiograph taken if it is
short of the true working length by: 53%
- 1 1 mm - WRONG.
- 2 2 mm - WRONG.
- 3 3 mm - RIGHT. Well done!
Radiographic distortion comes into play
when you are this much out. However, a
good EAL reading may reduce the need for
repeat films.
- 4 4 mm - WRONG.
- 5 5 mm - WRONG.
27. A W.L. radiograph has a file inserted 17
mm. It is 2.5 mm short of the anatomical
apex. You do not have an EAL. What is the
true working length? 74%
- 1 17 mm - WRONG.
- 2 18 mm - WRONG.
- 3 18.5 mm - RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 19 mm - WRONG.
- 5 19.5 mm - WRONG.
- 6 20.5 mm - WRONG.
28. With a multi-canal tooth: 42%
- 1Each root requires a separate W.L.
radiograph - WRONG.
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 31
- 2 All roots should be measured on one
radiograph, using their nearest cusp (if
possible) as a landmark - WRONG.
- 3 All roots should be measured on one
radiograph, using the same cusp (if possible)
as a landmark - RIGHT. Well done! (but not
always possible)
29. Which of these would NOT sometimes
give a false reading on an electronic apex
locator? 38%
- 1 Lateral canal - WRONG.
- 2 Root fracture - WRONG.
- 3 Contact with metal restoration -
WRONG.
- 4 Fluid in canal - WRONG.
- 5 Canal calculus (Pulp stone) - RIGHT.
30. In endodontics, what level of accuracy is
reasonably achievable with good technique?
23%
- 1 ± 0.1 mm - WRONG.
- 2 ± 0.25 mm - RIGHT. Well done!
- 3 ± 0.5 mm - WRONG.
- 4 ± 1 mm - WRONG.
- 5 ± 1.5 mm - WRONG
31. What is mant by 'Friction Fit' ? 58%
- 1 A gentle resistance to withdrawl of the
master cone - RIGHT. Well done!
- 2 A firm resistance to withdrawl of the
master cone - WRONG.
- 3 A good fit of the master cone in the
apical third of the canal - WRONG.
32. What is meant by 'Tug Back' ? 57%
- 1 A gentle resistance to withdrawl of the
master cone - WRONG.
- 2 A firm resistance to withdrawl of the
master cone - RIGHT. Well done! Tug back
is a very strong form of friction fit
- 3 A good fit of the master cone in the
apical third of the canal - WRONG.
33. What is the taper of a standard GP cone
? 84%
- 1 0% - WRONG.
- 2 1% - WRONG.
- 3 2% - RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 5% - WRONG.
- 5 10% - WRONG.
34. You have prepared the apical 1mm of a
canal with a size 30 Master File. What size
master point would you expect to fit ? 77%
- 1 Size 25 - WRONG.
- 2 Slightly less than size 30 - WRONG.
- 3 Size 30 - WRONG.
- 4 Slightly more than size 30 - RIGHT.
Well done! The Master File is used until it is
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 32
loose, so the apical diameter is slightly more
than the file size.
35. What is the ISO colour code for size 25?
84%
- 1 White - WRONG.
- 2 Yellow - WRONG.
- 3 Red - RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 Blue - WRONG.
- 5 Green - WRONG.
- 6 Black - WRONG.
36. You have trimmed 1 mm off a standard
size 30 cone, and found it is now a friction
fit in the apical region of a canal you
prepared. What is the diameter of your
apical region preparation? 59%
- 1 0.28 mm (size 28) - WRONG.
- 2 0.29 mm (size 29) - WRONG.
- 3 0.30 mm (size 30) - WRONG.
- 4 0.31 mm (size 31) - WRONG.
- 5 0.32 mm (size 32) - RIGHT. Well done!
37. How wide is the tip of a size 20 master
cone ? 87%
- 1 0.02 mm - WRONG.
- 2 0.2 mm - RIGHT.
- 3 2 mm - WRONG.
- 4 20 mm - WRONG.
38. You have prepared an apical region to
size 25. What is the first cone you would try
in ? 51%
- 1 size 20 - WRONG.
- 2 size 25 - WRONG.
- 3 size 30 - RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 size 35 - WRONG.
39. If a canal is prepared to a 5% taper, why
not use a 5% master cone instead of the
standard 2% when obturating by cold lateral
condensation? 67%
- 1 Cold lateral condensation would be very
difficult - RIGHT. Well done!
- 2 Sealant would be expressed through the
apex - RIGHT.
- 3 It would be too rigid to negotiate curved
canals - WRONG.
- 4 They are very expensive - WRONG.
40. Recommended master cone sizes for
Upper Central Incisors fall in the range of:
61%
- 1 sizes 8 to 15 - WRONG.
- 2 sizes 20 to 30 - WRONG.
- 3 sizes 35 to 60 - RIGHT. Well done!
There is of course natural variation, with
calcified canals or open immature apices.
- 4 sizes 65 to 90 - WRONG.
Dental Dreamz
Dr. Nitish Singla (nitishsingladr@gmail.com) Page 33
41. Which statement is true about an apical
seat? 80%
- 1 The master cone will go further than the
working length - WRONG.
- 2 The master cone stops at working length,
but smaller ones go further - RIGHT. Well
done!
- 3 The master cone, and smaller ones, all
stop at the working length - WRONG.
- 4 The master cone will not reach the
working length - WRONG.
42. Standard files have a 2% taper. What is
the percentage taper you create when you
'step back' by 1mm per file? 63%
- 1 1% - WRONG.
- 2 2% - WRONG.
- 3 4% - WRONG.
- 4 5% - RIGHT. Well done!
- 5 10% - WRONG.
43. When checking the taper of a prepared
canal with a finger spreader, how far would
you insert the instrument? 78%
- 1 To the apex - WRONG.
- 2 To the working length - WRONG.
- 3 To 1 mm short of the working length -
RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 2/3rds down the root - WRONG.
44. When checking that the taper is
adequate, and that lateral condensation is
possible, you should: 54%
- 1 Place the Master Cone, then check the
spreader reaches the desired length
alongside it - WRONG.
- 2 Place the spreader into the empty canal -
RIGHT. Well done!
45, Approximately how much sealer paste
would you place on the Master Cone prior to
inserting it? 58%
- 1 The length of the canal - WRONG.
- 2 The length of the tooth - WRONG.
- 3 5mm - RIGHT. Well done!
- 4 2 mm - WRONG.
- 5 1 mm - WRONG.
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